WALLS
A wall is a
structure that defines an area, carries a load, or provides shelter or security.
There are many kinds of walls: Defensive walls in fortification. Walls in
buildings that form a fundamental part of the superstructure or separate
interior sections, sometimes for fire safety. (UnderstandConstruction.com, 2016)
A wall is a
structure that defines an area, carries a load, or provides shelter or
security. There are many kinds of walls: Defensive walls in fortification.
Walls in buildings that form a fundamental part of the superstructure or
separate interior sections, sometimes for fire safety. (Wikipedia, 2016)
Load bearing- A load bearing
wall is part of the structure of the building - it holds the building up. (UnderstandConstruction.com, 2016)
Non load bearing walls - A non-load
bearing wall is only a partition that divides the various rooms of a building.
You can demolish a wall if it is a non-load bearing wall; you cannot move or
demolish a load bearing wall. (UnderstandConstruction.com, 2016)
(InterNACHI, 2009)
KINDS OF WALL
·
Building wall - Building walls purposes are
to support roofs, floors and ceilings, enclose a space as part of the building
envelope, along with a roof to give buildings form, and to provide shelter and
security. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Curtain wall- In architecture and civil
engineering, curtain wall refers to a building facade that is not load-bearing
but provides decoration, finish, front, face, or historical preservation. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Mullion wall- Mullion walls are a
structural system that carries the load of the floor slab on prefabricated
panels around the perimeter. (Wikipedia, 2016)
(Made-in-China.com, 2016)
·
Partition wall- A partition wall is a wall
that separates rooms, or divides a room. Partition walls are usually not
load-bearing. Partition walls are constructed of many materials, including
steel panels, bricks, blocks of clay, terra-cotta, concrete, or glass blocks. This could also be the thin wall between cabins. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Party wall- Party walls are walls that
separate buildings or units within a building. They provide fire resistance and
sound resistance between occupants in a building. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Infill wall- An infill wall is the
supported wall that closes the perimeter of a building constructed with a
three-dimensional framework structure. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Fire wall-Fire walls resist spread of
fire within or sometimes between structures to provide passive fire protection.
A delay in the spread of fire gives occupants more time to escape and fire
fighters more time to extinguish the fire. Such walls have no windows, and are
made of non-combustible material such as concrete, cement block, brick, or fire
rated drywall—and have wall penetrations sealed with special materials. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Shear wall- Shear walls resist lateral
forces such as in an earthquake or severe wind. There are different kinds of
shear walls such as the steel plate shear wall. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Knee wall- Knee walls are short walls
that either support rafters or add height in the top floor rooms of houses. In
a one-and-one-half story house, the knee wall supports the half story. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Cavity wall - Cavity walls are walls made
with a space between two "skins" to inhibit heat transfer. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Border wall - A border wall is constructed
to limit the movement of people across a certain line or border. These
structures vary in placement with regard to international borders and
topography. (Wikipedia, 2016)
(A Gravity-Type Stone Retaining Wall)
·
Retaining wall- In areas of rocky soils
around the world, farmers have often pulled large quantities of stone out of
their fields to make farming easier and have stacked those stones to make walls
that either mark the field boundary, or the property boundary, or both. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Shared wall - A wall may also separate
apartment or hotel rooms from each other. Each wall has two sides and breaking
a wall on one side will break the wall on the other side. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Portable wall- Portable walls, such as room
dividers or portable partitions divide a larger open space into smaller rooms. (Wikipedia, 2016)
·
Temporary wall- A temporary wall is
constructed for easy removal or demolition. (Wikipedia, 2016)
MATERIALS FOR FLOORS AND WALL:
(Wozniak, 2009), (Pixabay, 2016)
· Brick – It is yellowish-beige that comes with different browns Most of bricks are used for floors and walls such in interior and exterior.
(Home Interior And Furniture Ideas)
· Ceramic Tiles - It is made of clay and hardened by heat. It is very useful in our daily lives and serves different purpose. It demonstrates great strength and hardness property, however it is often brittle (Johnson)
(Life & Style)
· Concrete Tiles – Concrete tile roofing that is built from small to medium sized pieces of concrete, often reinforced with fibers such as fiberglass. It is a heavier roofing material than many other forms of tile, and therefore requires a stronger substructure. It has a natural color or gray and red. (Phorio, 2011)
· Cork – It is a natural elastic flooring made from cork oak tree. It could be used for floor as well as walls. A Cork tiles is noiseless and is composed of cork shavings, compressed and baked, finished with a protective coat to avoid stains. It is very useful in lessening noise pollution.
· Fabric – When used wall coverings, this material could give warmth and richness as a wall finish, but not all textiles could be used for wall coverings. Carpets could be used not only for the floor but also for the walls.
· Glass – Its prime application is in windows, in a modern and contemporary interior and architecture that could give inspiring scenery because of its translucent characteristic. It also gives a connecting look between the interior and exterior, even with boundaries.
(America Pink)
Granolithic – It is superior and les porous kind of concrete made from cement,
granite chippings and granite dust. This is usually used for floors and it is
hard-wearing. Also used in factories than in home since it is hard and not
generally suitable for living areas. Lastly, when it is sealed it is easy to
maintain.
(Interior Design Ideas)
Leather – The derived form of leather which is reconstituting leather by
breaking down rawhide into a clear solution and bringing this solution back to
fiber form, can be formed into heavy blocks or made thin and soft and in any
length desirable. Pigskin in tile form makes for a long wearing material that
is resistant to acids and moisture and may be maintained with a minimum of
cleaning and waxing.
(Armstrong Flooring, 2016)
Linoleum – Developed in England in 1860’s, it is the predecessor to
contemporary synthetic resilient flooring. It is produced mainly with natural
materials from sustainable crops and its waste is biodegradable. It is derived from
the Latin botanical term “linum” meaning flax, and “oleum” meaning oil. It is
composed of oxidized linseed oil or other resins, mixed with ground cork or
wood flour, mineral filler and color pigments. It is then bonded by heat and
pressure to a fiber backing, typically burlap or felt, which comes in various
sizes and thickness. To lend flexibility, powdered cork is added and to impart
strength and hardness, wood flour and powdered limestone are also added.
Linoleum is a superior thermal and acoustic insulator because of the air
pockets found naturally in cork which is 50% air. It is also smooth, hard
wearing surface and is available in light gage, thus it is easily adapted to
bathroom and kitchen walls. Thicker qualities have a high resilience and are warm
underfoot. It is also sensitive to alkalis, and it is included to rise, peel
and rot if water gets underneath.
(Metal Ravne, 2014)
Metal – Available in a wide range of colors, in glossy, matte or textured
finishes, and in leather-like or marble grains, metals are light weight, fire
resistant, virtually damage proof. These are semi-rigid vinyl plastics,
laminated under pressure to sheet steel, aluminum or other non-ferrous metals.
(Keep Pensacola Beautiful)
Paint – are made from a combination of pigments, oils, resins, solvents,
plasticizers and additives. Traditionally interior walls have been colored with
the use of distemper, whitewashing, and lime whiting which are older way of
painting it, but linseed oil, white lead , and turpentine were also used.
Stone – is one of the basic building materials of man together with wood and
clay. In history until as late as 1900, stone is very important due to the fact
that it was structural, material, the exterior and interior finishing material,
flooring material, and in many cases, the roofing material. Used also for all
types of sculpture, statuary and decorative and ornamental applications.
Presently, it is basically utilized as a surface material for both exterior and
interior buildings. Stone does not lose its beauty with age, like no other
flooring, conveys an enduring sense of timelessness. Stone projects an image of
permanence.
(Diespeker & Co.)
·
Terrazzo – It is a flooring material, it
is derived from the Italian terrassa which means “terrace.” Fifteenth-century
Venetian stone cutters used marble scraps as floor surfaces for their patio
terraces and they imbedded the small stone pieces in concrete and polished the
surface to a level finish. Terrazzo is a very low-maintenance, seamless floor
finish with a luxurious look of stone mosaic and a decorative possibilities
wherein terrazzo artistry can produce striking medallions or intricate inlaid
patterns.
(Rubber Flooring Direct, 2013)
·
Rubber Flooring – It is highly
resistant to a wide variety of harsh chemicals and solvents and because of its
high durability and natural resistance to cigarette burns, it is a good choice
for high-traffic public areas such as airport terminals. Rubber sheet or tile
is composed of natural rubber, synthetic rubber (styrene butadiene) or both, in
combination with mineral fillers and pigments. However, natural rubber is
difficult to lay and it reacts badly to grease, fruit juices and spirits.
(Armstrong Flooring, 2016)
·
Vinyl – It is a kind of plastic, vinyl can be
made hard and rigid or soft and spongy and can be made to withstand heat. When
two types of plastic polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate are blended or
modified with other substances, it produces the vast array of vinyl products.
Five ingredients found in vinyl flooring are polyvinyl chloride, fillers,
pigments, plasticizers and stabilizers. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin us the
most important and most expensive ingredient in vinyl flooring because it gives
the flooring its wear resistance and durability. Plasticizers increase the
flexibility so that the flooring can be rolled without cracking or breaking.
Stabilizers on the other hand provide color permanence and stabilize the
pigments against heat and light deterioration. Fillers are sometimes added to
supplement the bulk and thickness of the flooring. Mineral fillers serve to improve
the flooring’s fire resistance and lastly, pigments are required for color
because most vinyl is clear.
(Shutterstock, 2016)
·
Wood – It has been widely used especially for commercial spaces. Its natural
look made very popular used as a design statement especially in reception area,
private offices, or high retail space. This material had been very common to
commercial spaces, yet it has a high maintenance a may fail to function well or
even last long because of some factors like moisture. The basic forms of wood
are: plank, strip, and parquet.
(Wallpaperking)
·
Wallpaper – A pattered and flattened product but creates an atmospheric room. It
can be fit to the desired size of any space you wanted it to be applied.
Citations:
Photos:
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Sources:
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Wikipedia. (July 10, 2016). Wall. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall
Contributors:
Amar, Jrose (composed the blog; contributed insights about materials for floors and walls including its picture; contributed a picture to classifications according to ability to absorb moisture and liquids; and sources)
Calape, Rhea (contributed insights about the floor and classifications of floor including its pictures and sources)
Cantillas, Christine Mae (contributed insights about materials for floors and walls)
Manalo, Leile Glad (contributed pictures of kinds of walls, types of wall, including materials for floors and walls and sources)
Taboada, Faith Rosemel (contributed insights about wall, types of wall, kinds of walls and its sources)
